Difference between revisions of "Matlab Plotting"
m |
(→X-Y Line Plots) |
||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
== X-Y Line Plots == | == X-Y Line Plots == | ||
+ | Perhaps the most common plots we create as engineers are x-y line plots that show the functional dependence of one variable (y) on another (x). In MATLAB, an x-y plot is very simple to make. For example, if we want to plot <math>y=\cos(x)</math> on the interval (-π,π) we can do this simply as | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | x = linspace(-pi,pi); % create the x vector | ||
+ | plot(x,cos(x)); % plot cos(x) versus x. | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
=== Basics === | === Basics === | ||
+ | The basic syntax for plotting a function is the following | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | plot( x, y ); % simplest way to plot a single function | ||
+ | plot( x, y, 'abc'); % controls the line style | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | Here '''a''' represents the color to use when plotting this function, '''b''' represents the type of symbol to use (dots, squares, etc), and '''c''' represents the style of the line to use (solid, dashed, etc). The following three tables describe what to insert for '''a''', '''b''' and '''c''' to control plot styles. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="text-align:left" | ||
+ | |+ '''Line & Symbol Colors''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Symbol | ||
+ | | <tt>b</tt> || <tt>g</tt> || <tt>r</tt> | ||
+ | | <tt>c</tt> || <tt>m</tt> || <tt>y</tt> | ||
+ | | <tt>k</tt> || <tt>w</tt> || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Color | ||
+ | | style="color:blue" | Blue || style="color:green" | Green || style="color:red" | Red | ||
+ | | style="color:cyan" | Cyan || style="color:magenta" | Magenta || style="color:yellow" | Yellow | ||
+ | | style="color:black" | Black || style="color:white" bgcolor="black" | white | ||
+ | | Default color | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="text-align:left" | ||
+ | |+ '''Line Markers''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Symbol | ||
+ | | <tt>.</tt> || <tt>o</tt> || <tt>x</tt> || <tt>+</tt> || <tt>*</tt> | ||
+ | | <tt>s</tt> || <tt>d</tt> || <tt>^</tt> || <tt>v</tt> || <tt><</tt> | ||
+ | | <tt>></tt> || <tt>p</tt> || <tt>h</tt> || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Description | ||
+ | | Point || Circle || <tt>x</tt> || plus || star | ||
+ | | Square || Diamond || Triangle (up) || Triangle (down) || Triangle (left) | ||
+ | | Triangle (right) || Pentagon || Hexagon || No Symbol | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="text-align:left" | ||
+ | |+ '''Line Styles''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Symbol | ||
+ | | <tt>-</tt> || <tt>:</tt> || <tt>.-</tt> || <tt>--</tt> || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Description | ||
+ | | Solid || Dotted || Dot-Dash || Dashed || No line | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | The following are some examples of creating plots | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | x = linspace(-pi,pi); % create 100 points between -pi and pi | ||
+ | y = sin(x) .* cos(x); % evaluate a function at each point | ||
+ | plot(x,y,'rs:'); % plot a red dotted line with squares | ||
+ | figure; plot(x,y,'g--'); % plot a green dashed line | ||
+ | figure; plot(x,y,'ko'); % plot black circles (no line) | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | Note that the '''figure''' command creates a new plotting window. If you leave it out, the next plot will be overwritten. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Title and Axis Labels === | ||
+ | Any time you create a plot, you must also label it! Axis labels (with units where appropriate) are critical. To create a title and label axes a plot in MATLAB, we use the following: | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | xlabel('label text'); | ||
+ | ylabel('label text'); | ||
+ | title('title text'); | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+ '''Special Characters''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Text | ||
+ | | \Lambda || \Xi || \Pi || \Sigma || \Theta || \Psi || \Omega | ||
+ | | \alpha || \beta || \gamma || \delta || \epsilon || \eta || \theta | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Symbol | ||
+ | | Λ || Ξ || Π || Σ || Θ || Ψ || Ω | ||
+ | || α || β || γ || &delta || ε || η || θ | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | x=linspace(-pi,pi); | ||
+ | plot(x,cos(x),'r--'); | ||
+ | xlabel('\theta'); | ||
+ | ylabel('cos(\theta)'); | ||
+ | title('A plot of the function cos(\theta) as a function of \theta'); | ||
+ | </source> | ||
− | |||
=== Multiple Lines on a Graph === | === Multiple Lines on a Graph === | ||
+ | |||
+ | We often want to place multiple lines on a single plot. For example, if we want to plot the functions | ||
+ | <center><math> | ||
+ | \begin{align} | ||
+ | f_1(x) &= \cos(x) \\ | ||
+ | f_2(x) &= \sin(x) \\ | ||
+ | f_3(x) &= \tan(x) | ||
+ | \end{align} | ||
+ | </math></center> | ||
+ | on the interval (-π,π) we could do the following | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | x = linspace(-pi,pi); | ||
+ | f1 = cos(x); | ||
+ | f2 = sin(x); | ||
+ | f3 = tan(x); | ||
+ | plot(x,f1, x,f2, x,f3); | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | Here MATLAB automatically selects the colors for the lines. If we want more control over line styles, we can specify them ourselves: | ||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | plot(x,f1,'k-', x, f2, 'r:', x, f3, 'b-.'); | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== The <tt>hold on</tt> command ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="matlab"> | ||
+ | x = linspace(-pi,pi); | ||
+ | f1 = cos(x); | ||
+ | f2 = sin(x); | ||
+ | f3 = tan(x); | ||
+ | plot(x,f1,'k-'); | ||
+ | hold on; | ||
+ | plot(x,f2,'r:'); | ||
+ | plot(x,f3,'b-.'); | ||
+ | hold off; | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==== Adding a Legend ==== | ==== Adding a Legend ==== | ||
Line 22: | Line 150: | ||
* Adding a grid | * Adding a grid | ||
* Changing axis ranges | * Changing axis ranges | ||
− | |||
− | |||
== Contour & Surface Plots == | == Contour & Surface Plots == |
Revision as of 16:40, 23 August 2008
|
Contents
X-Y Line Plots
Perhaps the most common plots we create as engineers are x-y line plots that show the functional dependence of one variable (y) on another (x). In MATLAB, an x-y plot is very simple to make. For example, if we want to plot on the interval (-π,π) we can do this simply as
x = linspace(-pi,pi); % create the x vector
plot(x,cos(x)); % plot cos(x) versus x.
Basics
The basic syntax for plotting a function is the following
plot( x, y ); % simplest way to plot a single function
plot( x, y, 'abc'); % controls the line style
Here a represents the color to use when plotting this function, b represents the type of symbol to use (dots, squares, etc), and c represents the style of the line to use (solid, dashed, etc). The following three tables describe what to insert for a, b and c to control plot styles.
Symbol | b | g | r | c | m | y | k | w | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Color | Blue | Green | Red | Cyan | Magenta | Yellow | Black | white | Default color |
Symbol | . | o | x | + | * | s | d | ^ | v | < | > | p | h | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description | Point | Circle | x | plus | star | Square | Diamond | Triangle (up) | Triangle (down) | Triangle (left) | Triangle (right) | Pentagon | Hexagon | No Symbol |
Symbol | - | : | .- | -- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description | Solid | Dotted | Dot-Dash | Dashed | No line |
The following are some examples of creating plots
x = linspace(-pi,pi); % create 100 points between -pi and pi
y = sin(x) .* cos(x); % evaluate a function at each point
plot(x,y,'rs:'); % plot a red dotted line with squares
figure; plot(x,y,'g--'); % plot a green dashed line
figure; plot(x,y,'ko'); % plot black circles (no line)
Note that the figure command creates a new plotting window. If you leave it out, the next plot will be overwritten.
Title and Axis Labels
Any time you create a plot, you must also label it! Axis labels (with units where appropriate) are critical. To create a title and label axes a plot in MATLAB, we use the following:
xlabel('label text');
ylabel('label text');
title('title text');
Text | \Lambda | \Xi | \Pi | \Sigma | \Theta | \Psi | \Omega | \alpha | \beta | \gamma | \delta | \epsilon | \eta | \theta |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symbol | Λ | Ξ | Π | Σ | Θ | Ψ | Ω | α | β | γ | &delta | ε | η | θ |
Example:
x=linspace(-pi,pi);
plot(x,cos(x),'r--');
xlabel('\theta');
ylabel('cos(\theta)');
title('A plot of the function cos(\theta) as a function of \theta');
Multiple Lines on a Graph
We often want to place multiple lines on a single plot. For example, if we want to plot the functions
on the interval (-π,π) we could do the following
x = linspace(-pi,pi);
f1 = cos(x);
f2 = sin(x);
f3 = tan(x);
plot(x,f1, x,f2, x,f3);
Here MATLAB automatically selects the colors for the lines. If we want more control over line styles, we can specify them ourselves:
plot(x,f1,'k-', x, f2, 'r:', x, f3, 'b-.');
The hold on command
x = linspace(-pi,pi);
f1 = cos(x);
f2 = sin(x);
f3 = tan(x);
plot(x,f1,'k-');
hold on;
plot(x,f2,'r:');
plot(x,f3,'b-.');
hold off;
Adding a Legend
Log-Scale Plots
- semilogx
- semilogy
- loglog
Subplots
Fine-Tuning
- Adding a grid
- Changing axis ranges